给你一个由 '1'（陆地）和 '0'（水）组成的的二维网格，请你计算网格中岛屿的数量。

岛屿总是被水包围，并且每座岛屿只能由水平方向和/或竖直方向上相邻的陆地连接形成。

此外，你可以假设该网格的四条边均被水包围。

示例 1：

输入：grid = [
  ["1","1","1","1","0"],
  ["1","1","0","1","0"],
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["0","0","0","0","0"]
]
输出：1

示例 2：

输入：grid = [
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["0","0","1","0","0"],
  ["0","0","0","1","1"]
]
输出：3

题解

// 主函数，计算岛屿数量
int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
    int res = 0;
    int m = grid.length, n = grid[0].length;
    // 遍历 grid
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                // 每发现一个岛屿，岛屿数量加一
                res++;
                // 然后使用 DFS 将岛屿淹了
                dfs(grid, i, j);
            }
        }
    }
    return res;
}

// 从 (i, j) 开始，将与之相邻的陆地都变成海水
void dfs(char[][] grid, int i, int j) {
    int m = grid.length, n = grid[0].length;
    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= m || j >= n) {
        // 超出索引边界
        return;
    }
    if (grid[i][j] == '0') {
        // 已经是海水了
        return;
    }
    // 将 (i, j) 变成海水
    grid[i][j] = '0';
    // 淹没上下左右的陆地
    dfs(grid, i + 1, j);
    dfs(grid, i, j + 1);
    dfs(grid, i - 1, j);
    dfs(grid, i, j - 1);
}